During the active red teaming in the testing phase, purple teaming activities should be used as a last resort in exceptional circumstances and once all alternative options have been exhausted. In the context ofthis limited purple teaming exercise, the following methods can be used: “catch-and-release”, where testers attempt to continue the scenarios, get detected and then resume the testing again; “war gaming”, which allows for more complex scenarios to test strategic decision making; or “collaborative proof-of-concept” which allows testers and blue team members to jointly validate specific security measures, tools, or techniques in a controlled and cooperative environment.